![]() ![]() The myelin sheath A layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal. To improve the speed of their communication, and to keep their electrical charges from shorting out with other neurons, axons are often surrounded by a myelin sheath. The axons are also specialized, and some, such as those that send messages from the spinal cord to the muscles in the hands or feet, may be very long-even up to several feet in length. Some neurons have hundreds or even thousands of dendrites, and these dendrites may themselves be branched to allow the cell to receive information from thousands of other cells. As you can see in Figure 3.2 "Components of the Neuron", neurons are made up of three major parts: a cell body, or soma The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus of the cell and that keeps the cell alive., which contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive a branching treelike fiber known as the dendrite The part of the neuron that collects information from other cells and sends the information to the soma., which collects information from other cells and sends the information to the soma and a long, segmented fiber known as the axon The part of the neuron that transmits information away from the cell body toward other neurons., which transmits information away from the cell body toward other neurons or to the muscles and glands. is a cell in the nervous system whose function it is to receive and transmit information. A neuron One of the more than 100 billion cells in the nervous system. The nervous system is composed of more than 100 billion cells known as neurons. List three of the major neurotransmitters and describe their functions.Draw a diagram of the pathways of communication within and between neurons. ![]() Describe the structure and functions of the neuron. ![]()
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